![]() Some cabinet makers will also use small pieces of cork to allow for movement. A popular item for this purpose is a small rubber ball, known as a spaceball (a trademarked product). These items center the panel in the frame and absorb seasonal movement. It is common to place some sort of elastic material in the groove between the edge of the panel and the frame before assembly. A typical panel would be cut to allow 1/4" (5 mm) between itself and the bottom of the groove in the frame. By allowing the wood panel to float, it can expand and contract without damaging the door. Wood will expand and contract across the grain, and a wide panel made of solid wood could change width by a half of an inch, warping the door frame. Panels are made slightly smaller than the available space within the frame to provide room for movement. The panel is either captured in a groove made in the inside edge of the frame members or housed in an edge rabbet made in the rear inside edge. Panels Panel styles in frame and panel construction To house the extra panels, dividing pieces known as mid rails and mid stiles or muntins are added to the frame. In larger panels it is common to divide the panel into one or more sections. This is a common method of constructing cabinet doors and these are often referred to as a five piece door. A basic frame and panel item consists of a top rail, a bottom rail, two stiles, and a panel. The vertical members of the frame are called stiles while the horizontal members are known as rails. Usually, the panel is not glued to the frame but is left to 'float' within it so that seasonal movement of the wood comprising the panel does not distort the frame.įrame and panel construction at its most basic consists of five members: the panel and the four members which make up the frame. The basic idea is to capture a 'floating' panel within a sturdy frame, as opposed to techniques used in making a slab solid wood cabinet door or drawer front, the door is constructed of several solid wood pieces running in a vertical or horizontal direction with exposed endgrains. This is a key differentiator from hollow core doors, where the skin or mould is literally glued together with only spacers in between each skin.Wood construction in which a panel is enclosed in a rigid frame Parts of a five-piece frame and panel doorįrame and panel construction, also called rail and stile, is a woodworking technique often used in the making of doors, wainscoting, and other decorative features for cabinets, furniture, and homes. ![]() In addition to the strength of the dowel construction, glue is also applied in the dowel bore for an even stronger bond. Same function as the top rail, except this horizontal rail sits at the bottom of a door to connect the vertical stiles on each side and panel/s above.ĭowels are used for making strong and tight joints where rails meet the stiles for ultimate strength and durability. Panel designs are customizable, so you can still achieve the look you want without compromising on quality. Panels can be raised or flat, and are set into the frames of a door. These are the vertical components on each side of the door that join the rails with dowels. This is a horizontal rail that is situated between the vertical stiles at the same height as the lockset for hardware. Intermediate rails are not used in hollow core or solid core construction, which is another reason wood stile and rail doors are much sturdier than moulded and flush door options. These are rails built in between the top and bottom rails, including the lock rail. This is the horizontal rail that is the top frame of the door and connects the stiles on each side and panel/s below.
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